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Current methods of measuring cognitive abilities
Bílková, Kateřina ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Binter, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to present a selection of cognitive ability measurement methods for adults, especially those that can be administered online. These methods are presented in the context of cognitive ability composition concepts on which they are based. The chosen methods include several IQ tests and various online cognitive performance measurement methods. IQ tests represent measures of general intelligence. The IQ tests mentioned in this study are administered individually or in group settings. The online methods have a narrower focus and are mentioned in conjunction with the platforms that offer these methods. The selection of online methods was based on their prevalence in the literature, with an emphasis on the more common ones, in order to collectively cover a broader range of cognitive abilities. The reliability and validity of the methods are discussed.
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Spatial cognition of users of spoken Czech and Czech Sign Language: How cross-linguistic diversity affects non-linguistic thought
Jehlička, Jakub ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Smolík, Filip (referee)
The thesis focuses on how different languages influence spatial cognition of their speakers, i. e., whether and how the differences in spatial language (linguistic representation of perspective, location, spatial scenes etc.) affect the non-linguistic spatial reasoning (orientation, spatial memory etc.). This issue has for a long time been a part of the studies of the relation between language and thouhgt under the flag of so called Sapir-Whorf hypothesis/Hypothesis of linguistic relativity. In the first half of the theoretical part of the thesis, I attempt to summarize the history of the concept of linguistic relativity since 1950s and to revise some critical claims about linguistic relativity by re-reading Whorf's works (chapter 2). The second half of the theoretical part (chapter 3) focuses in particular on the research of the interrelations between spatial thought and language. In section 3.1, I make a brief note on the notion of space in terms of cognitive linguistics. Section 3.2 provides an selective overview of the previous research of the crosslinguic spatial-cognitive diversity. Sections 3.3 and 3.4 connect the theoretical and the empirical part of the thesis. The research itself is presented in the chapter 4. It experimentally tests the hypothesis, that the language-specific...
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Spatial cognition of users of spoken Czech and Czech Sign Language: How cross-linguistic diversity affects non-linguistic thought
Jehlička, Jakub ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Smolík, Filip (referee)
The thesis focuses on how different languages influence spatial cognition of their speakers, i. e., whether and how the differences in spatial language (linguistic representation of perspective, location, spatial scenes etc.) affect the non-linguistic spatial reasoning (orientation, spatial memory etc.). This issue has for a long time been a part of the studies of the relation between language and thouhgt under the flag of so called Sapir-Whorf hypothesis/Hypothesis of linguistic relativity. In the first half of the theoretical part of the thesis, I attempt to summarize the history of the concept of linguistic relativity since 1950s and to revise some critical claims about linguistic relativity by re-reading Whorf's works (chapter 2). The second half of the theoretical part (chapter 3) focuses in particular on the research of the interrelations between spatial thought and language. In section 3.1, I make a brief note on the notion of space in terms of cognitive linguistics. Section 3.2 provides an selective overview of the previous research of the crosslinguic spatial-cognitive diversity. Sections 3.3 and 3.4 connect the theoretical and the empirical part of the thesis. The research itself is presented in the chapter 4. It experimentally tests the hypothesis, that the language-specific...
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Mental rotation of simplex signs
Vobořil, Dalibor ; Šikl, Radovan
One of the basic cognitive operations which enables us to recognize observed objects is mental rotation. In order to recognize any object we are continuously encountering in our everyday life we rotate their image in our mind until it corresponds with a prototypical appearance of a given object stored in memory. It is evident that such operation takes longer time when the apparent differences between the image of actual and stored object is considerable, i.e. when it is viewed from rather different angle. Whether this time is dependent also on structural characteristics of mentally rotated object was the scope of present experiment. Subjects were asked to recognize stimuli of different shapes (letters R, G, F, J and Z) exposed in different orientations as measured by their deviation from usual position (from 0 degree to 180 degrees). Our results indicate that reaction time necessary to recognize differently shaped figures is interindividually variable but the profile of increment of reaction time with increasing angle is similar for all observers, no matter which of letters is observed.
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